How to Block Websites Using VPN

Introduction

In todays digital age, controlling access to online content has become crucial for many individuals and organizations. Whether its to increase productivity, protect children from inappropriate sites, or maintain network security, blocking websites is a common requirement. While VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) are primarily known for enhancing privacy and bypassing geo-restrictions, they can also be effectively used to block access to specific websites.

This tutorial provides a comprehensive, step-by-step guide on how to block websites using a VPN. We will explore the underlying principles, practical setups, best practices, and useful tools to help you implement website blocking efficiently.

Step-by-Step Guide

Understanding Website Blocking with VPN

VPNs work by routing your internet traffic through a secure server, masking your IP address and encrypting data. While they typically provide unrestricted access, some VPN services and setups allow administrators to configure website blocking rules at the server or client level. This enables controlled filtering of websites for users connected through the VPN.

Step 1: Choose the Right VPN Service or Setup

Not all VPNs support website blocking. To proceed, select a VPN solution that offers content filtering capabilities, such as:

• Self-hosted VPNs: OpenVPN, WireGuard, or other open-source VPN servers can be customized with firewall or DNS filtering to block websites.
• Commercial VPNs with parental controls: Some providers offer built-in website blocking features.
• VPNs combined with network filtering tools: Use VPN alongside DNS filtering services or firewall rules.

Step 2: Set Up VPN Server or Client

If you opt for a self-hosted VPN, install and configure the VPN server on your hardware or cloud environment. Ensure the VPN is operational, allowing clients to connect securely.

For commercial VPNs, install the client software on your device and access the settings or dashboard.

Step 3: Implement Website Blocking Rules

There are several methods to block websites through a VPN:

Method A: Using VPN Server Firewall Rules

On the VPN server, configure firewall rules (using iptables, ufw, or Windows Firewall) to block traffic to specific IP addresses or domains. For example, to block Facebook:

• Identify Facebooks IP address ranges.
• Create firewall rules to drop packets destined for those IPs.
• Apply the rules to the VPN network interface.

This method blocks access regardless of client settings.

Method B: DNS Filtering

Configure the VPNs DNS resolver to block specific domain names by:

• Redirecting blocked domain queries to a null IP (e.g., 0.0.0.0).
• Using DNS filtering services like Pi-hole or OpenDNS integrated with your VPN.

This prevents clients from resolving blocked websites.

Method C: VPN Client Software Filtering

Some VPN clients allow you to configure local filtering rules or parental controls. Use the client interface to add websites to the blocklist.

Step 4: Test Website Blocking

After implementing the rules, connect a client device to the VPN and attempt to access the blocked sites. Confirm that access is denied or redirected appropriately.

Step 5: Maintain and Update Blocklist

Regularly update the list of blocked websites to adapt to new threats or organizational policies. Automate updates when possible, especially for IP-based blocking.

Best Practices

Use Multiple Blocking Techniques

Combine firewall rules with DNS filtering for more robust blocking. This approach covers both IP-level and domain-level access attempts, reducing bypass chances.

Monitor VPN Traffic

Regularly monitor VPN traffic logs to detect attempts to access blocked websites. This helps identify new domains or IPs that require blocking.

Educate Users

Inform VPN users about the reasons for blocking certain websites. Transparency helps reduce attempts to circumvent restrictions.

Keep VPN and Filtering Software Updated

Ensure your VPN server, client software, and filtering tools are up to date with security patches and feature enhancements.

Respect Privacy and Legal Boundaries

Implement blocking policies in accordance with local laws and organizational privacy guidelines. Avoid overblocking that might infringe on user rights.

Tools and Resources

VPN Software

• OpenVPN: Popular open-source VPN with extensive customization options.
• WireGuard: Modern, lightweight VPN protocol with easy setup.
• SoftEther VPN: Flexible VPN solution supporting multiple protocols.

Firewall and Network Filtering

• iptables/ufw: Linux firewall tools for creating blocking rules.
• pfSense: Open-source firewall/router software with VPN and filtering capabilities.
• Windows Firewall: Built-in firewall for Windows-based VPN servers.

DNS Filtering Services

• Pi-hole: Network-wide ad and tracker blocking, customizable DNS filtering.
• OpenDNS: Cloud-based DNS filtering with parental controls and threat protection.
• NextDNS: Advanced DNS filtering service with detailed analytics.

Blocklist Sources

• StevenBlacks Hosts: Aggregated hosts files for blocking ads, trackers, and malicious sites.
• URLhaus: Database of malicious URLs.
• Shallas Blacklists: Comprehensive categorized website blocklists.

Real Examples

Example 1: Blocking Facebook Using OpenVPN and iptables

A company sets up an OpenVPN server on a Linux machine and wants to block Facebook for all VPN users. They identify Facebooks IP ranges and add iptables rules:

iptables -A FORWARD -d 157.240.0.0/16 -j REJECT
iptables -A FORWARD -d 69.63.0.0/16 -j REJECT

These rules prevent any traffic destined for Facebook IP addresses from passing through the VPN.

Example 2: Using Pi-hole with WireGuard VPN for Domain Blocking

A home user installs Pi-hole on a Raspberry Pi and configures WireGuard VPN to route all DNS queries through Pi-hole. They add unwanted domains (e.g., social media, adult content) to Pi-holes blacklist, effectively blocking those sites whenever connected to the VPN.

Example 3: Commercial VPN with Built-In Parental Controls

A parent uses a commercial VPN provider that offers parental control features. They enable website blocking through the VPN client app, specifying categories like gambling and adult websites. This setup restricts their childrens access to inappropriate content while connected to the VPN.

FAQs

Can I block websites on any VPN?

No. Not all VPN services or setups support website blocking. You need a VPN solution that allows firewall or DNS-level filtering, or one with built-in content control features.

Is blocking websites using VPN foolproof?

While VPN-based blocking can be effective, savvy users may try to bypass restrictions using proxies, alternative DNS, or different VPNs. Combining multiple blocking methods and monitoring helps improve effectiveness.

Will blocking websites slow down my VPN connection?

Minimal impact on speed is expected when blocking websites using firewall or DNS filtering. However, extensive filtering or incorrectly configured rules may affect performance.

Can I block websites on my mobile devices VPN app?

Some mobile VPN clients offer built-in blocking features, but many do not. For more control, use a VPN configured with server-side blocking or combine VPN with DNS filtering apps.

Is it legal to block websites using VPN?

Blocking websites is generally legal when done on your own devices or networks. Organizations should ensure compliance with local regulations and inform users about restrictions.

Conclusion

Blocking websites using a VPN is a powerful way to control internet access and enhance security. Whether for home use, educational environments, or corporate settings, VPN-based website blocking offers flexibility and privacy advantages. By carefully choosing the right VPN solution, implementing firewall and DNS filtering, and following best practices, you can successfully manage website access for VPN users.

Remember to regularly update your blocklists, monitor traffic, and respect privacy and legal frameworks. With the right tools and knowledge, VPN website blocking becomes a practical and effective method to maintain a safe and productive online environment.